Genetics – Chromosome Structure and Types – Lesson 18 | Don't Memorise
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DNA is the basic unit of Heredity. But the stretch of DNA is so long that it seems impossible to fit it in the tiny nucleus. So how is the long DNA stretch fitted into the minuscule nucleus? And what exactly are Chromosomes? Are they different from the DNA? Watch this video to find the answers.
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In this video, we will learn:
0:00 Introduction
0:21 chromatid structure
1:22 duplicated sister chromatids
2:23 Centromere
2:54 Types of chromosomes based on the position of the centromere
3:08 Metacentric chromosomes
3:33 Submetacentric chromosomes
3:46 Acrocentric chromosomes
4:05 telocentric chromosomes
4:45 Autosomes
5:19 sex chromosomes or allosomes
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#Genetics #Chromosomes #Biology
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DISCLAIMER: When I use the terms male and female I am only referring to the XX and XY condition of the chromosomes. This research does not consider gender or other sex conditions, only the chromosomal makeup- thanks!
Sources:
Jin Xu, Xinxin Peng, Yuxin Chen, Yuezheng Zhang, Qin Ma, Liang Liang, Ava C Carter, Xuemei Lu, Chung-I Wu (2017) Free-living human cells reconfigure their chromosomes in the evolution back to uni-cellularity eLife 6:e28070 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28070Links to an external site.
Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Chromosomal Sex Determination in Drosophila. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10025/
Xiaoshu Chen, Jianzhi Zhang, The X to Autosome Expression Ratio in Haploid and Diploid Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 33, Issue 12, December 2016, Pages 3104–3107, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw187Links to an external site.
Ellegren, H. Sex-chromosome evolution: recent progress and the influence of male and female heterogamety. Nat Rev Genet 12, 157–166 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2948
Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. The Evolution of Developmental Patterns in Unicellular Protists. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10066/Links to an external site.
